Unlike Saigon, Hanoi has been a major urban center for over a millennia, so while the oldest maps of Saigon date back to around 1790, those of the capital go back far further.
These 19 maps, sourced from Manhhai’s excellent Flickr account, a goldmine of old Vietnam photos, trace the evolution of Hanoi from ancient citadel to modern city.
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The oldest map of the bunch is dated 1873, but there a few that feature Chinese characters and, judging by the size of the city, date back to a time far before the arrival of the French.
And, if city planners have their way, the capital which will take on a significantly different look by 2030.
